Selected Publications

Moore, M.D., Fu, W., Soheilian, F., Nagashima, K., Ptak, R.G., Pathak, V.K., and Hu, W.-S.  (2008)  Suboptimal inhibition of protease activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Effects on virion morphogenesis and RNA maturation.  Virology, in press.

Moore, M.D., and Hu, W.-S.  (2008)  HIV-1 RNA dimerization: It takes two to tango.  AIDS Rev., in press.

Moore, M.D., Chin, M.P.S., and Hu, W.-S.  (2008)  HIV-1 recombination: An experimental assay and a phylogenetic approach.  In Prasad, V., and Kalpana, G. (eds.), HIV Protocols, 2nd Ed., Humana Press, Inc., in press.

Chen, J., Pathak, V.K., Peng, W., and Hu, W.-S.  (2008)  Capsid proteins from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV_mac can coassemble into mature cores of infectious viruses.  J. Virol., in press (June 25 Epub ahead of print).
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Nikolaitchik, O.A., Gorelick, R.J., Leavitt, M.G., Pathak, V.K., and Hu, W.-H.  (2008)  Functional complementation of nucleocapsid and late domain PTAP mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 during replication.  Virology 375: 539-549.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Chin, M.P., Lee, S.-K., Chen, J., Nikolaitchik, O.A., Powell, D.A., Fivash, M.J., Jr., and Hu, W.-S.  (2008)  Long-range recombination gradient between HIV-1 subtypes B and C variants caused by sequence differences in the dimerization initiation signal region.  J. Mol. Biol. 377: 1324-1333.     [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Chukkapalli, V., Hogue, I.B., Boyko, V., Hu, W.-S., and Ono, A.  (2008)  Interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag matrix domain and phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate is essential for efficient Gag-membrane binding.  J. Virol. 82: 2405-2417.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Motomura, K., Chen, J., and Hu, W.-H.  (2008)  Genetic recombination between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2, two distinct human lentiviruses.  J. Virol. 82: 1923-1933.     [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Chin, M.P., Chen, J., Nikolaitchik, O.A., and Hu, W.-S.  (2007)  Molecular determinants of HIV-1 intersubtype recombination potential.  Virology 363: 437-446.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Fu, W., Prasad, V.V.S.P., Chen, J., Nikolaitchik, O., and Hu, W.-S.  (2007)  Molecular mechanisms of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVagm RNA encapsidation.  Virology 363: 210-219.     [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Thomas, D.C., Voronin, Y.A., Nikolenko, G.N., Chen, J., Hu, W.-S., and Pathak, V.K.  (2007)  Determination of the ex vivo rates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription by using novel strand-specific amplification analysis.  J. Virol. 81: 4798-4807.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Lee, S.K., Boyko, V., and Hu, W.-S.  (2007)  Capsid is an important determinant for functional complementation of murine leukemia virus and spleen necrosis virus Gag proteins.  Virology 360: 388-397.     [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Xu, H., Chertova, E., Chen, J., Ott, D.E., Roser, J.D., Hu, W.-S., and Pathak, V.K.  (2007)  Stoichiometry of the antiviral protein APOBEC3G in HIV-1 virions. Virology 360: 247-256.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Moore, M.D., Fu, W., Nikolaitchik, O., Chen, J., Ptak, R.G., and Hu, W.-S.  (2007)  Dimer initiation signal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Its role in partner selection during RNA copackaging and its effects on recombination.  J. Virol. 81: 4002-4011.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Chen, J., Powell, D., and Hu, W.-S.  (2006)  High frequency of genetic recombination is a common feature of primate lentivirus replication.  J. Virol. 80: 9651-9658.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Boyko, V., Leavitt, M., Gorelick, R., Fu, W., Nikolaitchik, O., Pathak, V., Nagashima, K., and Hu, W.-S.  (2006)  Coassembly and complementation of Gag proteins from HIV-1 and HIV-2, two distinct human pathogens.  Mol. Cell 23: 281-287.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Nikolaitchik, O., Rhodes, T.D., Ott, D., and Hu, W.-S.  (2006)  Effects of mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene on RNA packaging and recombination.  J. Virol. 80: 4691-4697.     [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Fu, W., Dang, Q., Nagashima, K., Freed, E.O., Pathak, V.K., and Hu, W.-S.  (2006)  Effects of Gag mutation and processing on retroviral dimeric RNA maturation.  J. Virol. 80: 1242-1249.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Chen, J., Rhodes, T.D., and Hu, W.-S.  (2005)  Comparison of the genetic recombination rates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in macrophages and T cells.  J. Virol. 79: 9337-9340.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Chin, M.P.S., Rhodes, T.D., Chen, J., Fu, W., and Hu, W.-S.  (2005)  Identification of a major restriction in HIV-1 intersubtype recombination.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 9002-9007.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Lee, S.-K., Nagashima, K., and Hu, W.-S.  (2005)  Cooperative effect of Gag proteins p12 and capsid during early events of murine leukemia virus replication.  J. Virol. 79: 4159-4169.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Chen, J., Dang, Q., Unutmaz, D., Pathak, V.K., Maldarelli, F., Powell, D., and Hu, W.-S.  (2005)  Mechanisms of nonrandom human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and double infection: Preference in virus entry is important but is not the sole factor.  J. Virol. 79: 4140-4149.     [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Rhodes, T.D., Nikolaitchik, O., Chen, J., Powell, D., and Hu, W.-S.  (2005)  Genetic recombination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in one round of viral replication: Effects of genetic distance, target cells, accessory genes, and lack of high negative interference in crossover events.  J. Virol. 79: 1666-1677.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Svarovskaia, E.S., Xu, H., Mbisa, J.L., Barr, R., Gorelick, R.J., Ono, A., Freed, E.O.,
Hu, W.-S., and Pathak, V.K.  (2004)  Human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) is incorporated into HIV-1 virions through interactions with viral and nonviral RNAs  J. Biol. Chem. 279: 35822-35828.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Dang, Q., Chen, J., Unutmaz, D., Coffin, J.M., Pathak, V.K., Powell, D., KewalRamani, V.N., Maldarelli, F., and Hu, W.-S.  (2004)  Nonrandom HIV-1 infection and double infection via direct and cell-mediated pathways.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 632-637.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]     [Supporting text]

Rhodes, T.D., Wargo, H.L., and Hu, W.-S.  (2003)  High rates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombination: Near-random segregation of markers one kilobase apart in one round of viral replication.   J. Virol. 77: 11193-11200.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Cheslock, S.R., Poon, D.T.K., Fu, W., Rhodes, T.D., Henderson, L.E., Nagashima, K., McGrath, C.F., and Hu, W.-S.  (2003) Charged assembly helix motif in murine leukemia virus capsid: An important region for virus assembly and particle size determination.  J. Virol. 77: 7058-7066.     [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Fu, W., and Hu, W.-S.  (2003)  Functional replacement of nucleocapsid flanking regions by heterologous counterparts with divergent primary sequences:  Effects of chimeric nucleocapsid on the retroviral replication cycle. J. Virol. 77: 754-761.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Hu, W.-S., Rhodes, T., Dang, Q., and Pathak, V.K.  (2003)  Retroviral recombination:  Review of genetic analyses.   Front. Biosci. 8: D143-D155.     [Abstract]     [Full-text HTML article]

Svarovskaia, E.S., Cheslock, S.R., Zhang, W.-H., Hu, W.-S., and Pathak, V.K.  (2003)  Retroviral mutation rates and reverse transcriptase fidelity.   Front. Biosci. 8: D117-D134.      [Abstract]     [Full-text HTML article]

Zhang, W.-H., Hwang, C.K., Hu, W.-S., Gorelick, R.J., and V.K. Pathak.  (2002)  Zinc finger domain of murine leukemia virus nucleocapsid protein enhances the rate of viral DNA synthesis in vivo.  J. Virol. 76: 7473-7484.     [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Beasley, B.E., and Hu, W.-S. (2002) cis-Acting elements important for retroviral RNA packaging specificity. J. Virol. 76: 4950-4960.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Dang, Q., and Hu, W.-S. (2001) Effects of homology length in the repeat region on minus-strand DNA transfer and retroviral replication. J. Virol. 75: 809-820.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Hu, W.-S., and Pathak, V.K. (2000) Design of retroviral vectors and helper cells for gene therapy. Pharmacol. Rev. 52: 493-511.      [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Cheslock, S.R., Andersen, J.A., Hwang, C.K., Pathak, V.K., and Hu, W.-S. (2000) Utilization of nonviral sequences for minus-strand DNA transfer and gene reconstitution during retroviral replication. J. Virol. 74: 9571-9579.      [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Anderson, J.A., Pathak, V.K., and Hu, W.-S. (2000) Effect of the murine leukemia virus extended packaging signal on the rates and locations of retroviral recombination. J. Virol. 74: 6953-6963.      [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Certo, J.L., Kabdulov, T.O., Paulson, M.L., Anderson, J.A., and Hu, W.-S. (1999) The nucleocapsid domain is responsible for the ability of spleen necrosis virus (SNV) gag polyprotein to package both SNV and murine leukemia virus RNA. J. Virol. 73: 9170-9177.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Certo, J.L., Shook, B.F., Yin, P.D., Snider, J.T., and Hu, W.-S. (1998) Nonreciprocal pseudotyping: murine leukemia virus proteins cannot efficiently package spleen necrosis virus-based vector RNA. J. Virol. 72: 5408-5413.      [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Anderson, J.A., Bowman, E.H., and Hu, W.-S. (1998) Retroviral recombination rates do not increase linearly with marker distance and are limited by the size of the recombining subpopulation. J. Virol. 72: 1195-1202.      [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Anderson, J.A., Teufel, R.J. 2nd, Yin, P.D., and Hu, W.-S. (1998) Correlated template-switching events during minus-strand DNA synthesis: a mechanism for high negative interference during retroviral recombination. J. Virol. 72: 1186-1194.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Yin, P.D., and Hu, W.-S. (1997) RNAs from genetically distinct retroviruses can copackage and exchange genetic information in vivo. J. Virol. 71: 6237-6242.
[Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]

Yin, P.D., Pathak, V.K., Rowan, A.E., Teufel, R.J. 2nd, and Hu, W.-S. (1997) Utilization of nonhomologous minus-strand DNA transfer to generate recombinant retroviruses. J. Virol. 71: 2487-2494.      [Abstract]     [Full-text PDF article]